Countries Part Of The Belt And Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese-led development strategy that aims to enhance connectivity and promote economic cooperation among countries. The initiative covers over 100 countries and international organizations in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The BRI includes a range of infrastructure projects, such as highways, railways, ports, airports, and energy pipelines, as well as initiatives to promote trade, investment, and people-to-people exchanges.
The BRI has attracted both praise and criticism from various stakeholders. Supporters argue that the initiative can promote economic growth, reduce poverty, and enhance regional integration. Critics, on the other hand, express concern about the potential debt burdens, environmental impact, and political influence of the initiative, as well as the lack of transparency and consultation in its implementation.
Countries Part Of The Belt And Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative spans across multiple continents and involves various countries and regions. The following are the countries that are part of the initiative:
Asia
1. Afghanistan: Afghanistan is a landlocked country in South Asia that shares borders with Pakistan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. The BRI projects in Afghanistan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Hairatan to Mazar-i-Sharif railway and the Torkham to Jalalabad highway.
2. Azerbaijan: Azerbaijan is a country in the South Caucasus region that shares borders with Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. The BRI projects in Azerbaijan include the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway, the Baku international sea trade port, and the Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP).
3. Bangladesh: Bangladesh is a country in South Asia that shares borders with India and Myanmar. The BRI projects in Bangladesh focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Padma Bridge, the Dhaka-Chittagong-Cox's Bazar highway, and the Dhaka-Ashulia Elevated Expressway.
4. Brunei: Brunei is a small country on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. The BRI projects in Brunei include the construction of an oil refinery and petrochemical plant.
5. Cambodia: Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. The BRI projects in Cambodia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone and the Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Expressway.
6. China: China is the initiator and main driver of the Belt and Road Initiative. The BRI projects in China focus on improving transportation infrastructure, such as the Belt and Road Railway Express and the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor.
7. Georgia: Georgia is a country in the South Caucasus region that shares borders with Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Turkey. The BRI projects in Georgia include the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway and the Anaklia Deep Sea Port.
8. India: India is a country in South Asia that shares borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. The BRI projects in India focus on enhancing connectivity and trade, such as the International North-South Transport Corridor and the Kolkata-Kunming Highway.
9. Indonesia: Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of thousands of islands. The BRI projects in Indonesia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Rail and the Tanjung Priok Port Expansion.
10. Iran: Iran is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The BRI projects in Iran include the Chabahar Port development and the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline.
11. Iraq: Iraq is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey. The BRI projects in Iraq focus on energy infrastructure, such as the Al-Fao port and the Iraq-China oil pipeline.
12. Israel: Israel is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, and the Palestinian territories. The BRI projects in Israel focus on deepening trade and investment cooperation with China.
13. Jordan: Jordan is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the Palestinian territories. The BRI projects in Jordan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Aqaba New Port and the Amman Bus Rapid Transit.
14. Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan is a country in Central Asia that shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. The BRI projects in Kazakhstan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Khorgos Gateway and the Western Europe-Western China International Transit Corridor.
15. Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country in Central Asia that shares borders with Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and China. The BRI projects in Kyrgyzstan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway and the North-South Alternate Corridor.
16. Laos: Laos is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, and China. The BRI projects in Laos focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the China-Laos Railway and the Vientiane-Boten Expressway.
17. Malaysia: Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, and Brunei. The BRI projects in Malaysia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the East Coast Rail Link and the Melaka Gateway.
18. Maldives: Maldives is a small island nation in the Indian Ocean. The BRI projects in Maldives focus on tourism infrastructure, such as the expansion of Velana International Airport and the development of a new economic zone.
19. Mongolia: Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia that shares borders with Russia and China. The BRI projects in Mongolia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor and the Mongolia-Russia-China Economic Corridor.
20. Myanmar: Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Thailand, Laos, China, Bangladesh, and India. The BRI projects in Myanmar focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone and the Muse-Mandalay Railway.
21. Nepal: Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia that shares borders with India and China. The BRI projects in Nepal focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Nepal-China Trans-Himalayan Multidimensional Connectivity Network and the Kathmandu-Pokhara-Lumbini Railway.
22. Oman: Oman is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. The BRI projects in Oman focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Duqm Port and the Oman-China Industrial Park.
23. Pakistan: Pakistan is a country in South Asia that shares borders with India, Afghanistan, Iran, and China. The BRI projects in Pakistan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Gwadar Port.
24. Palestine: Palestine is a territory in the Middle East that is currently recognized as a non-member observer state by the United Nations. The BRI projects in Palestine focus on enhancing economic cooperation with China.
25. Philippines: Philippines is a country in Southeast Asia that consists of thousands of islands. The BRI projects in Philippines focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Manila-Clark Railway and the Davao Airport.
26. Qatar: Qatar is a small country in the Middle East that shares borders with Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf. The BRI projects in Qatar focus on enhancing economic cooperation with China.
27. Russia: Russia is a country that spans across both Europe and Asia. The BRI projects in Russia focus on enhancing connectivity with China and other countries, such as the Moscow-Kazan High-Speed Railway and the Northern Sea Route.
28. Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with the Persian Gulf, Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain. The BRI projects in Saudi Arabia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the King Salman Energy Park and the Jeddah Port.
29. Singapore: Singapore is a small island nation in Southeast Asia. The BRI projects in Singapore focus on enhancing trade and investment cooperation with China, such as the China-Singapore Free Trade Agreement.
30. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka is an island nation in South Asia that is located southeast of India. The BRI projects in Sri Lanka focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Colombo Port City and the Hambantota Port.
31. Syria: Syria is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, and Turkey. The BRI projects in Syria focus on rebuilding infrastructure, such as the electricity grid and the oil and gas sector.
32. Tajikistan: Tajikistan is a landlocked country in Central Asia that shares borders with Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. The BRI projects in Tajikistan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the China-Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Iran Railway.
33. Thailand: Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Malaysia. The BRI projects in Thailand focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Thailand-China High-Speed Rail and the Eastern Economic Corridor.
34. Timor-Leste: Timor-Leste is a small island nation in Southeast Asia that shares borders with Indonesia. The BRI projects in Timor-Leste focus on enhancing trade and investment cooperation with China.
35. Turkey: Turkey is a country that spans across both Europe and Asia. The BRI projects in Turkey focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway and the Istanbul New Airport.
36. Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia that shares borders with Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Iran, and Afghanistan. The BRI projects in Turkmenistan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India gas pipeline and the Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran railway.
37. United Arab Emirates (UAE): UAE is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the Persian Gulf. The BRI projects in UAE focus on enhancing economic cooperation with China, such as the China-UAE Industrial Capacity Cooperation Demonstration Zone.
38. Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan is a country in Central Asia that shares borders with Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The BRI projects in Uzbekistan focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Uzbekistan-China Gas Pipeline and the Tashkent Ring Road.
39. Vietnam: Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia that shares borders with China, Laos, and Cambodia. The BRI projects in Vietnam focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Ho Chi Minh City Metro and the Lach Huyen International Port.
40. Yemen: Yemen is a country in the Middle East that shares borders with Saudi Arabia and Oman. The BRI projects in Yemen focus on rebuilding infrastructure and promoting economic development.
Europe
1. Belarus: Belarus is a country in Eastern Europe that shares borders with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. The BRI projects in Belarus focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Minsk-Mogilev-Gomel Highway and the Great Stone Industrial Park.
2. Bosnia and Herzegovina: Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro. The BRI projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Sarajevo-Belgrade highway and the Banja Luka-Prijedor-Gradiska highway.
3. Bulgaria: Bulgaria is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. The BRI projects in Bulgaria focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Black Sea-Baltic Sea Transport Corridor and the Danube River Bridge.
4. Croatia: Croatia is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. The BRI projects in Croatia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Peljesac Bridge and the Rijeka-Zagreb Railway.
5. Czech Republic: Czech Republic is a country in Central Europe that shares borders with Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Austria. The BRI projects in Czech Republic focus on enhancing trade and investment cooperation with China.
6. Estonia: Estonia is a country in Northern Europe that shares borders with Russia and Latvia. The BRI projects in Estonia focus on enhancing connectivity with China and promoting e-commerce and digital cooperation.
7. Greece: Greece is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Albania, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria. The BRI projects in Greece focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Piraeus Port and the Thriasio Plain Freight Center.
8. Hungary: Hungary is a country in Central Europe that shares borders with Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria. The BRI projects in Hungary focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Budapest-Belgrade Railway and the Hungary-Serbia High-Speed Rail.
9. Latvia: Latvia is a country in Northern Europe that shares borders with Estonia, Russia, Belarus, and Lithuania. The BRI projects in Latvia focus on enhancing connectivity with China and promoting trade and investment cooperation.
10. Lithuania: Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe that shares borders with Latvia, Belarus, Poland, and Russia. The BRI projects in Lithuania focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Rail Baltica and the Klaipeda Deep-water Port.
11. Macedonia: North Macedonia is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Serbia, Kosovo, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The BRI projects in North Macedonia focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Skopje-Blace Motorway and the Railway Corridor VIII.
12. Moldova: Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe that is located between Romania and Ukraine. The BRI projects in Moldova focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Chisinau-Balti Highway and the Giurgiulesti International Free Port.
13. Montenegro: Montenegro is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, and Albania. The BRI projects in Montenegro focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Bar-Belgrade Highway and the Port of Bar.
14. Poland: Poland is a country in Central Europe that shares borders with Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Russia. The BRI projects in Poland focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Central Communication Port and the S7 Expressway.
15. Romania: Romania is a country in Southeast Europe that shares borders with Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, and Moldova. The BRI projects in Romania focus on transportation infrastructure, such as the Bucharest-Brasov Highway and the Danube Bridge.
16. SerbiaRelated video of Countries Part Of The Belt And Road Initiative: A Comprehensive Guide